Cutting fluid jet mount for machine cutting tools



July. 13, 1954 R. .1. s. meo-r'r CUTTING FLUID JET MOUNT FOR MACHINECUTTING TOOLS 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 10, 1952 IN V EN TOR.

II]! II RJ 5 PIGOTT 4. A HIS ATTORNEY July 3, 1954 R. J."S.PIGOTT ,683,33

CUTTING FLUID JET MOUNT FOR MACHINE CUTTING TOOLS 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 FiledMarch 10, 1952 INVENTOR. 1

J. s. PIGOTT July 13, 1954 CUTTING FLUID JET MOUNT FOR MACHINE CUTTINGTOOLS Fi led March 10, 1952 R- J. S. PIGOTT 3' Sheets-Sheet 3 i. I '1 I'29 h w. a

INVENTOR. R. J. s. PlcsoTT 4 ms ATTORNEY Patented July 13 1954 UNITEDSTATES ATENT OFFICE CUTTING FLUID JET MOUNT FOR MACHINE CUTTING TOOLS10Claims.

1 This invention relates to a cutting fluid jet mount for machinecutting tools. More particular'ly, it comprises-a device whichrigidlyabuts the tool and which extends into the working relief angle thereof,the mount being formed with requiring noexternal means for support. InmyPatent No.*2,653,517, there is disclosed a novel system for'applyingcutting fluids in the form of small high speed jets which are directedtothe point of cut from beneath the tool Where they will-not-beobstructed by the continuously removed chip which, "inconventionalsystems employing an overhead stream, deflects the fluid and so preventsits access to the highly heated cutting edge. Theeffective lubricationof the cutting edge and more efficient cooling of the toolwhich areachieved by my aforesaid system greatly prolong tool life, but since thecutting 'fluid'must be placed close'to the edge of the tool whereclearance is so small 'as to be of the order of .OOOOI-to .000001 inchit will'be'appreciated that the accurate placement of the jets isimportant to the attainment of the desired es lt v 5 In my aforesaidapplication the" system is shown as applied to a lathe, with thejetmozzle mounted on the carriage adjacent the 'tool' post so that thejet is directed upwardly from'underneaththe tool "to the point of cut.In'such construction the nozzle and tool have a fixedrelationship since'both are mounted on the carriage, but in some machine tools noexternalsupport is provided for a jet nozzle and in others the toolrotates or is indexed from one position to another so that-the nozzlecannot be mounted on a-support'which fixed, whereas the tool'its'elf ismovable; In the Fellows gearshaper, for example, the cutter reciprocatesand at the same time is revolved in mesh with the work. Also, in theoperation of milling cutters, rotation of the tool presents a problem ofaccurately jetting the cutting fluid to the edges of the teeth.

2 tool, high speed jets of the fluids'will be accurately and invariablyplaced close to the cutting edge by being projected along the reliefangle of the tool.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fluid jet mount in fixedassociation with a tool and projecting into the working relief anglethereof Without, however, contacting the work as it leaves the point ofcut, the projecting portion of the mount being formed with orifices fordischarging one or more jets of cutting fluid along the relief angle toaccurately place the same adjacent the cutting edge of the tool.

A further object of the invention is to provide a box-type jet mountwhich conforms in general shape and width to that of a tool and which issecured to the bottom surface of the tool to extend into the workingrelief angle thereof sufficiently far to expose orifices directed towardthe cutting edge, yet to be out of contact with the type jet mountapplied to a tool usedin turning operations on'a lathe.

' 4 Figure 2 is aplan view of the box-type mount of Figure 1, lookingdownwardly from the plane of line 22 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 'is a horizontal section along line 33 of Figure 1. v r

Figure 4 is a plan view partly in horizontal section showing a difierentarrangement of inlet which extends from the end of the mount rather thanits side.

Figure 5 is a side view partly in section along line 5-5 of Figure 6 ofa milling cutter with fluid jet mount for discharging jets to thecutting edges of its series of teeth. Figure 6 is a sectional view alonglines Figure 5.

Figure 7 isja vertical sectional view of the inventionapplied to thecutter of a Fellows gear shaper. 1

Figure 8 is a vertical sectional view of a modified form of theinvention as applied to a Fellows gear shaper, wherein the cutting fluidis supplied axially through the holder rather than from the side asshown in Figure '7. I Referring more particularly to the drawings andfirst to Figure 1 thereof, the jet mount in the form shown comprises abody Ill having a hollowed-outportion H defining a closed chamber whichis tapped'by'a'nipple I2 for connection to a source of cutting fluid.The body It abuts the under surface of tool it and overhangs the loweredge of the tool body, as shown in Figure l and as indicated in brokenlines in Figure 2, but with clearance from the work which has passed thecutting edge, as indicated by the vertical line 14 in Figure 1.Or-ificesdd in the-overhanging portion of the body?! communicate'withthe, chamber I l and direct the cutting fluid in jets which impinge uponthe work and tool closely adjacent to the cutting edge. These orificesare spaced from the wall of chamber llso as to-leave asharpcircumferential shoulder on the apprcachside and a surrounding flatsurface;imorderrtmavoid any suppression of the venacontractawhich -willchange the direction and size of the .jet.

Where a half-inch square. tool.,.bit is .used. the side relief anglefrom the cutting edge slopes downwardly at approximately fromithevertical and accordingly there is a space of about 0.07

.vinchbetween the heel of thertooliand the,-m0ying cut faceof the. workas it leaves: theitooliedge.

' The hollow-body! isiof substantiallyathe same width as the tool bitbut is left; a..very.small amount short; of-touching the cutfaceaof rthe.work; in-thiscase 005 to .-.0l0.1inch-'..would1- be ample. Therover-hang. thus provided-permits -location of the orifices l5twithinpthe-relief= angle so that the fluid jets are directed tolthe.cutting edge of the. tool.

In order to securely holdthe tool-and-jetmount in abutting relationthey" may conveniently be clamped together in the tool postl Binthe-same manner as packingpi-eces are employedunder the tool bit tosetit :at the'proper-height for. the-.cut.

As an alternative to providing a side, inletfor the cutting fluid,illustratedfligures l to 3, in-

clusive, the bodywoflthemountmayabevfiormed 'with a longitudinal :bore ll, through -.which the cutting fluid; is-supplied to :chamber 4l-,.-as-.shown in Figure 4.

Another adaptation of a the. invention is shown Figures 5-. and 6wherein the'scuttingufiuid-is jettedalong'the-reliefsurfaces-ofthe-teeth of a milling: cutter. In thisformofthe inventionithe buttery. l 8 is mounted-on a-,-hollow.-jshaft;l9=which is formed with radial ports%:20.:.communicating with a hollowannularvcollan 2i. The collar; 2| -has ports 22 in itsinnersurfaoeiregisteringrwith the ports 25) in shaft rs;Leakagetatlthe-zjoint between the collarg-and: shaftisprevented by-theprovision of O-rings 23 which seal the=collar "to the shaft.

Around theperiphery, of the-.collar 2.1 aiplurality of communicating:tubes .24: are arran ed tonextend between adjacent teeth of the abuttinmilling cutter] 8, i such tu-bes being; formed witherifices 2 5'directed :"llO: discharge cuttingfiuid. along the sloping surface. ofthe, tooth to.- the;. cutll ;ng edge. Thus, astheimillingcutter;rotateszthe..jet mount which issecuredto itmaintainsthe'several jets in the same relation to the cuttingjedgesthroughout the rotation. of. the .tool'.

A furthermodification and. adaptation of the invention is shown inFigures 7 and 8 wherein the jet mount is. applied. to. the cutter ,ofaffellows gear shaper. As shown in Figure 7-,.thecutter. 26 is mounteduponthe reduced end. 2?. of. a= holder 2 3 and secures a hollowcollarfifl againstashoulder 3% between the large and reduced portionsofthe holder. Anut 39.011 .the threaded, reduced .end of the holdersecures the cutter. and. :collar in the same relative positionwhichtheytoccupy in reciprocation, of. the cutter, as. wellasiin itsrevolution in mesh with the .gear ;blan k-:be ingcut.

In the form of invention shown in Figure 7 the holder is. provided withan upper hollow collar 32 which seats upon a ring 33 retained in anannular groove in the holder. O-rings 34 seal 5 the joint between thecollar and holder against leakage of fluid while permitting the holderto rotate with--.-respect tozthe -collar. :r The hollow z:interiorfituof the collar. communicates. by radial ports 36 in theholder with an annular passage 0.331 therein and, in turn, the hollowinterior 38 of the jet mount collar communicates with the 1 passer-ge bymeans'of ports or passages 39. Cut- "--*ting"fiuid is admitted. to theupper collar 32 through: ahflexibleihose 4t and passes succes-.-:sivelyathroughthepassages 36, 31 and 39 into theschollow:interiorwofzthe jet mount from which it .it. discharged throughorifices 5! into the working relief angle of the cutter.

F interfere with the passage of the tool throughzthe 1 work. :piece.

. ,The modificationshown in: Figure 28 is similar -'to.thatabove-described in-:Figure 7. exceptthat, instead ,of providinga-floating collar .for-..-admis -.sion of the cutting.liquiditoztheiholdent-inlthis "form of theinven-tion thezcuttinge-fluidisasupplied from. a -flexible-pipe or. flexible -hose '42 .to;the..-axial- -bore. .31 of -thezholder .-:from':- which "the .fluidfiows through'lateralpassagestfiiandtfi .into the hollowinteriorzfiiltofvthe .-.jet.mount' 29;;. as .above described; .lniorder'to insure againstrleakage at-the. joint --between the.- jet: mount rand..-hol,der; both 'formsuofhtherinvention shown--in Figures Land 3.DIOVlClBQ-IlHgSY-OI' other. suitable packing-A3 in thevjet mount tosealthe-joint.

Fromtheforegoingz it :will .be appreciatedithat while the: cutting fluidjet. mount: of 1 the present invention is peculiarly adapted 15011156where: the tech rotates orvhas'indexed movement -rela-tiverto .Y theframeonether fixed-portion of :the machine which would precludemounting-of a j et nozzlehn .theifi'xediframe it isralsorusefuliinexternal turning operations such as are conducted .on a:- lathe since.it may be clamped with the tool and-firmly held in association with thetool during operation. .This assemblage not. :only rzhEtS the:advantage. of compactness abut; it lessens. the distance :between the.jetorifices andcutting edge of '.the: tool which greatly.facilitates.s-accurate j -placement :of the .fluid jet or-rietszintheextremelyismall clearance .between.--the tOOlzlELI'ld-iWOI'k in -theregion-f the cutting edge, and byerleason-of thisaccurateplacement- .of:the jets .thBI'Qmi-S enotloss. of energy; .as couldabemcaused by;.their slight. misdirection.

.In addition: this form. on mountis. adapted to applying thejetnorifices to: a. cutting tool or: bit :mou'ntedin a boring bar forinternalturning or boring..i-cIt is' also=radapted to the. form:- of:cutting toolsupport commonly known as abox to'ol used-in automatic.andturret lathes.

A iurthera.:.advantage :ointhis: type 20f .mount .is that tsince theietxror jets arei mountediidirectly under the wedge-strapedspaceformedzbetween thezreli'ef angle :ofithe tool :andxthe-rmovipg: .work,this wedge-shaped; space 718 completelyxenclesed when'acutting andzthe.possibility :Jof; :chip :interferencerwitlrthe *j etsis :eliminated.

' What :I claim. as any; invention, is

LiAxcuttingrfluid jet.mount;foriausel-zwith: ma- ;chinezcutting toclscomprising lasholloim fiuid;dis-

5. tributor'member'adapted'to be mounted in abutting relationto the toolandto project into the working relief angle thereof between the toolandcut surface of the work, orifices formed in the projecting portion ofthe distributor member communicating with the hollow interior thereofand directed up the working relief angle from behind the point'of outtoward the cutting edge, whereby the jets of cutting fluid are projectedto the cutting edge of the tool at substantially a right angle'thereto.

2. A cutting fluid jet mount comprising, in combination with a machinecutting tool having a working relief surface which tapers from thecutting edge in a direction to afford clearance between such surface andthe portion of the work leaving the point of cut, a jet mount fixed inabutting relation to the tool and lying parallel with the cutting edge,said jet mount extending into the clearance space between the tool andcut surface of the work within the overhang provided by the tapered workrelief surface of the tool, said jet mount being formed with orificesdirected along such tapered surface of the tool toward the cutting edge.

3. A cutting fluid jet mount comprising a hollow liquid distributoradapted to be fixedly carried by a machine cutting tool and to extendinto the wedge-shaped space between the relief surface of the tool andthe portion of the work leaving the point of cut, said distributor beingformed with orifice means directed toward the cutting edge of the toolto project liquid substantially at a right angle to the cutting edgealong the relief surface.

4. A fluid jet mount for cutting tools having a relief surface whichtapers from the cutting edge in a direction to afford clearance betweensuch surface and the cut portion of the work, a box-like liquiddistributor for mounting in abutment with said tool, said distributorhaving an outline conforming generally to that of the tool surface whichit abuts but being of sufficiently greater width to extend beyond suchsurface into the clearance space between the working relief surface andthe cut portion of the work, said distributor being formed withperipherally arranged orifices which, in its assembled relation with thetool, are exposed beyond the margin of the abutting surface of the tool,said orifices being directed toward the cutting edge.

5. A cutting fluid jet mount comprising, in combination with a cuttingtool having a working relief surface tapering inwardly from the edgethereof, away from the work, and defining a working relief angle betweenthe tool and cut portion of the work, a liquid distributor having a flatsurface abutting the base surface of said tool and extending therebeyondinto the relief angle, said distributor having an internal chamber andmarginal orifices extending therefrom into the relief angle closelyadjacent the working relief surface of said tool and directed toward thecutting edge.

, clearance from the cut portion of the work, that portion of the blockunderlying the cutting edge of the tool being hollow and forming aliquid charge liquid therefrom in jets directed to the cutting edge ofthe tool.

7. A cutting fluid jet mount fixedly positioned under the cutting edgeof a moving cutting tool,

such as a milling cutter, hob, or shaper formed tool, and moving withthe tool, comprising a hollow liquid distributor connected to a sourceof cutting fluid and extending into the wedgeshaped clearance spacebetween the tool and the surface of the work leaving the point of out,such space being formed by taper of the tool inwardly from its cuttingedge, said liquid distributor being fixedly mounted in abutting relationto the tool and formed with orifices communicating with its hollowinterior and directed toward the cutting edge substantially at a rightangle thereto.

8. A cutting fluid jet mount for machine tools which is adapted todirect small, high speed jets of fluid along the relief angle of thetool in the opposite direction to the movement of the work past thecutting edge of the tool, said jet mount comprising a body abutting thetool in fixed relation to the cutting edge and projecting into theworking relief clearance between the tool and work rearwardly of thecutting edge, said body having an internal chamber to which fluid issupplied under pressure, and orifices in said body directed to dischargejets of the fluid from the chamber into the working relief clearance atsubstantially right angles to the cutting edge, said orifices being solocated in the body that on their approach side the wall of the internalchamber defines therewith sharp circumferential shoulders, whereby thevena contracta of each issuing jet is fully formed and the jets arethereby controlled in size and direction for accurate impingement on thecutting edge with minimum splash and dissipation of energy.

9. In combination with a machine tool having a cutting edge and acontiguous surface sloping away from the cutting edge to provide aworking relief clearance, a cutting fluid distributor fixedly abuttingthe tool rearwardly of the cutting edge and lying partly within theoverhang of the sloping surface thereof to extend into the clearancebetween the tool and work, the portion of the distributor so extendinginto the clearance being provided with orifice means directed along thesloping surface of the tool at substantially right angles to the cuttingedge and so disposed that the cutting fluid is jetted into the minimalclearance between the tool and work without substantial energy loss,whereby static pressure on the fluid is maintained at the line ofcutting contact between the tool and work.

10. In combination with a machine tool having a cutting edge and acontiguous surface sloping away from the cutting edge to provide aclearance between the tool and a work piece, diverging in the directionof the movement of the work past the tool, a cutting fluid distributorfixedly abutting the tool rearwardly of the cutting edge, saiddistributor comprising a body having a hollow portion projecting withinthe overhang of the sloping surface and extending parallel with thecutting edge, such hollow portion being provided with orifices directedto the apex of the angle 7 formed by the tool in cutting .centeet withthe work and "substantially at right angles to thecntting edge toproject :small, high-speed fifEtSOf fluid into the clearance close tothe point of cut with minimum was-h along thesurfaees of the toel andwork, whereby frictional drag on the jets moving in opposition to theWork leaving the point of cut and side splash remete from the cuttingedge are avoided and maximum energy of the jets is available vta drivethe fluid into 10 the .minimsll clearance at the cutting edge.

References Cited in the :fi-le :or this patent UNITE STATES PATENTSNumber Name Date Clay .Feb. 23., .1815 .Keltchove Dec. 14;, 1886Chouteau .July 1.0, 189A Newton .May A, 18.97 Hartness Sept. 29, 19.03Benquist July .22, 19.41 Osrud Oct. '3, 1950

